to startle into sudden activity; stimulate.

independence or freedom, as of the will or one's actions.

rigorous; unusually severe or cruel.

disagreement with the philosophy, methods, goals, etc., of a political party or government.

outrageously disgraceful or shameful.

a right, privilege, etc., limited to a specific person or to persons of a particular category.

happening or produced by chance; accidental.

the forefront in any movement, field, activity, or the like.

to encircle with or as with a wreath or festoon of flowers, leaves, or other material.

a dance form incorporating martial arts elements, originating in what is now Brazil as a system of physical discipline and movement.